Nephrolithiasis

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Nephrolithiasis

Nephrolithiasis (pronounced: neh-froh-lih-THIGH-uh-sis) is a medical condition characterized by the formation of kidney stones in the kidneys. The term is derived from the Greek words 'nephros' (kidney) and 'lithos' (stone).

Etymology

The term "Nephrolithiasis" is derived from the Greek words "nephros" which means kidney and "lithos" which means stone. Thus, the term literally translates to "kidney stones".

Definition

Nephrolithiasis refers to the presence of calculi, commonly known as stones, in the kidneys. These stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys.

Symptoms

Symptoms of nephrolithiasis can include pain in the back or side below the ribs, blood in the urine, frequent urination, and nausea and vomiting.

Causes

Nephrolithiasis is caused by a supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming substances, including calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Other factors such as dehydration, certain diets, and some medical conditions can also increase the risk of nephrolithiasis.

Treatment

Treatment for nephrolithiasis can include medication to help pass the stones, lithotripsy to break up larger stones, or surgery in severe cases.

Related Terms

  • Urolithiasis: The formation of stones in the urinary tract.
  • Renal Calculi: Another term for kidney stones.
  • Hypercalciuria: A condition characterized by excessive amounts of calcium in the urine, a common cause of nephrolithiasis.
  • Cystinuria: A condition characterized by high levels of the amino acid cystine in the urine, leading to the formation of cystine stones.

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