Motor control

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Motor Control

Motor control (/ˈmoʊtər kənˈtroʊl/) is a complex process that involves the brain, nerves, and skeletal muscles to produce movements. It is the systematic regulation of movement in organisms that possess a nervous system.

Etymology

The term "motor control" is derived from the Latin motor meaning "mover" and control from the Middle French contrerolle meaning "a roll used for checking or verifying", referring to the regulation or direction of movement.

Definition

Motor control is the process by which humans and animals use their brain/cognition to activate and coordinate the muscles and limbs involved in the performance of a motor skill. Fundamentally, it is the integration of sensory information, both about the world and the current state of the body, to determine the appropriate set of muscle forces and joint activations to generate some desired movement or action.

Components of Motor Control

Motor control includes reflexes, motor learning, and motor development.

  • Reflexes are involuntary movements in response to stimuli.
  • Motor Learning is the process of improving the smoothness and accuracy of movements.
  • Motor Development involves the development of a child's bones, muscles and ability to move around and manipulate his or her environment.

Related Terms

  • Motor Coordination is the combination of body movements created with the kinematic (such as spatial direction) and kinetic (force) parameters that result in intended actions.
  • Motor Skills are actions that involve the movement of muscles in the body. They are categorized as either gross motor skills, which include the larger movements of arms, legs, feet, or the entire body (crawling, running, and jumping), or fine motor skills, which are smaller actions, such as grasping an object between the thumb and a finger or using the lips and tongue to taste objects.
  • Motor Planning is a process that defines the ability to organize the body's actions: knowing what steps to take, and in what order, to complete a particular task.
  • Motor Neuron is a nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland.

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