Mononuclear phagocyte system

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Mononuclear Phagocyte System

The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) (pronunciation: mono-nuclear fag-o-cyte system), also known as the Reticuloendothelial System (RES), is a part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue. The cells are primarily monocytes and macrophages, and they can be located in free-moving form or fixed in place in various tissues and organs.

Etymology

The term "Mononuclear Phagocyte System" is derived from the characteristics of the primary cells involved. "Mono" refers to the single, or "one", nucleus that these cells contain. "Nuclear" refers to the nucleus itself. "Phagocyte" is derived from the Greek words "phagein" (to eat) and "kytos" (cell), referring to the cell's ability to engulf and absorb bacteria and other small cells and particles.

Function

The main function of the MPS is to ingest and degrade dead cells, bacteria, and other foreign particles, a process known as phagocytosis. This system plays a crucial role in the body's defense against infection and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis.

Components

The MPS is composed of monocytes and macrophages. Monocytes are produced in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream. They then migrate to tissues and organs throughout the body, where they differentiate into macrophages. Macrophages are highly versatile cells that can change their function depending on the signals they receive.

Related Terms

  • Phagocytosis: The process by which cells engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris.
  • Monocyte: A type of white blood cell that can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells.
  • Macrophage: A large white blood cell that is an important part of the immune system.
  • Reticuloendothelial System: An older term for the Mononuclear Phagocyte System.

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