Mobile genetic element
Mobile Genetic Element
Mobile genetic elements (pronunciation: /ˈmoʊbəl ˈdʒɛnɪtɪk ˈɛlɪmənt/) are a type of genetic material that can move around within a genome. This movement can lead to genetic variation, which is a key driver of evolution.
Etymology
The term "mobile genetic element" is derived from the fact that these elements have the ability to move from one location to another within the genome. The term was first used in the mid-20th century when scientists began to understand the role of these elements in genetic variation.
Types of Mobile Genetic Elements
There are several types of mobile genetic elements, including:
- Transposons: These are sequences of DNA that can move from one location to another within the genome. They are sometimes referred to as "jumping genes".
- Retrotransposons: These are a type of transposon that replicates by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate.
- Integrons: These are genetic units that can capture and carry genes, particularly those responsible for antibiotic resistance.
- Plasmids: These are small, circular pieces of DNA that can replicate independently of the chromosome. They can be transferred between cells, spreading genes rapidly throughout a population.
Role in Evolution
Mobile genetic elements play a significant role in evolution by increasing genetic variation. They can cause mutations, rearrange the genome, and spread genes between individuals and species. This can lead to new traits and adaptations, driving the process of evolution.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Mobile genetic element
- Wikipedia's article - Mobile genetic element
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