Microsatellite instability

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Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a condition that appears when the DNA's mismatch repair (MMR) system is impaired. This impairment leads to an increased rate of mutation, particularly in regions of repetitive DNA known as microsatellites.

Pronunciation

Microsatellite instability is pronounced as /ˌmaɪkroʊˈsætəlaɪt ɪnstəˈbɪlɪti/.

Etymology

The term "microsatellite instability" is derived from the words "microsatellite", which refers to a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs are repeated, typically 5-50 times, and "instability", which refers to the tendency of these sequences to change in length due to the DNA mismatch repair system's impairment.

Related Terms

  • Mismatch repair: A system for recognizing and repairing erroneous insertion, deletion, and mis-incorporation of bases that can arise during DNA replication and recombination.
  • Microsatellites: Tracts of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from one to six or more base pairs) are repeated, typically 5–50 times.
  • Mutation: A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.
  • DNA replication: The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
  • Recombination: The process by which genetic material is physically mixed during sexual reproduction.

See Also

External links

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