Mediterranean fever

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Mediterranean fever

Mediterranean fever, also known as Familial Mediterranean Fever (pronounced: med-i-ter-ray-nee-an fe-ver), is a genetic disorder that usually occurs in people of Mediterranean origin, including Sephardic Jews, Armenians, Arabs, and Turks. The term "Mediterranean fever" comes from the Latin "mediterraneus" meaning "middle of the Earth" and the Old English "fefer" meaning fever, referring to the geographical area where the disease is most prevalent and its primary symptom.

Symptoms

The main symptom of Mediterranean fever is recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation in the abdomen, chest, and joints. These episodes are often accompanied by a rash or pain in the affected area. The severity and duration of the episodes can vary greatly among individuals.

Causes

Mediterranean fever is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called pyrin, which plays a role in the immune system. Mutations in the MEFV gene lead to an overactive immune response, resulting in inflammation and fever.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Mediterranean fever is based on clinical findings and genetic testing. The presence of a mutation in the MEFV gene confirms the diagnosis. However, not all individuals with the disease have identifiable mutations, so the absence of a mutation does not rule out the disease.

Treatment

Treatment for Mediterranean fever primarily involves managing symptoms. This can include the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, pain relievers, and in some cases, a drug called colchicine to prevent inflammation and fever.

Related Terms

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