Meckel's diverticulum
Meckel's diverticulum
Meckel's diverticulum (/ˈmɛkəlz ˌdaɪvərˈtɪkjʊləm/; from the German anatomist Johann Friedrich Meckel, who first described it in 1809) is a true congenital diverticulum of the ileum, the third portion of the small intestine. It is the most common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in approximately 2% of the population.
Etymology
The term "Meckel's diverticulum" is named after Johann Friedrich Meckel, a German anatomist who first described this condition in 1809. The term "diverticulum" is derived from the Latin "diverticulum" meaning "by-path" or "side track".
Anatomy
Meckel's diverticulum is a true diverticulum, which means it includes all layers of the intestinal wall. It is typically located on the anti-mesenteric border of the ileum, about 2 feet proximal to the ileocecal valve. The size of the diverticulum can vary, but it is typically 2 inches long.
Clinical significance
Although Meckel's diverticulum is often asymptomatic, it can sometimes lead to complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, and inflammation (Meckel's diverticulitis). The rule of 2's is often used to remember the characteristics of Meckel's diverticulum: it is found in 2% of the population, is typically 2 inches long, is located 2 feet from the ileocecal valve, and is most commonly found in children under 2 years old.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum can be challenging due to its often asymptomatic nature. However, when symptoms do occur, they can be similar to those of appendicitis. Diagnostic tests may include a Meckel's scan, which is a type of nuclear medicine imaging, and endoscopy.
Treatment
Treatment for Meckel's diverticulum depends on the patient's symptoms and the presence of complications. In asymptomatic cases, no treatment may be necessary. However, if complications occur, surgical removal of the diverticulum (diverticulectomy) may be required.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Meckel's diverticulum
- Wikipedia's article - Meckel's diverticulum
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