Manic

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Manic

Manic (/ˈmanɪk/; from the Greek mania, meaning "madness") is a term that describes a period of extremely elevated mood. It is most commonly associated with bipolar disorder, a mental health condition characterized by periods of mania and depression.

Definition

A manic episode is defined as a period of at least one week where an elevated, expansive, or unusually irritable mood is present. During the period of mood disturbance, three (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted (four if the mood is only irritable) and have been present to a significant degree:

  • Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
  • Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep)
  • More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking
  • Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing
  • Distractibility (i.e., attention too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli)
  • Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation
  • Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., engaging in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments)

Etymology

The term "manic" comes from the Greek word mania, which means "madness". It was first used in the medical context in the 19th century to describe the manic phase of bipolar disorder.

Related Terms

  • Hypomania: A milder form of mania, characterized by elevated mood and hyperactivity but without the severe disruption in judgment and functioning associated with full-blown mania.
  • Bipolar disorder: A mental health condition characterized by periods of mania and depression.
  • Manic-depressive illness: An older term for bipolar disorder, reflecting the condition's characteristic cycling between mania and depression.
  • Mood disorder: A category of mental health conditions that includes bipolar disorder, characterized by disturbances in mood or emotional state.

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