Male infertility
Male Infertility
Male infertility refers to a male's inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female. In humans, it accounts for 40-50% of infertility. It affects approximately 7% of all men.
Pronunciation
Male Infertility: /meɪl ɪnfɜːrtɪlɪti/
Etymology
The term "infertility" comes from the Latin word infertilis, from in- "not" + fertilis "fruitful".
Causes
Male infertility is commonly due to deficiencies in the semen, and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity.
Sperm Disorders
Sperm disorders, including low sperm production or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm, are common causes of male infertility. Illnesses, injuries, chronic health problems, and lifestyle choices can also play a role.
Genetic Disorders
Certain genetic disorders, such as Cystic Fibrosis, may result in a lack of sperm due to blockages in the male reproductive system.
Hormonal Imbalances
Hormonal imbalances can affect sperm production and male fertility. These can be caused by disorders of the testicles themselves, or an abnormality affecting other hormonal systems including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of male infertility requires a detailed history and physical examination, as well as semen analysis to assess sperm quantity and quality.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause of infertility. It may involve lifestyle changes, medications, or procedures such as sperm retrieval or Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Male infertility
- Wikipedia's article - Male infertility
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