Macromolecule
Macromolecule
A Macromolecule (/ˌmakroʊˈmɒlɪkjuːl/) is a very large molecule, such as a polymer, composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms.
Etymology
The term "macromolecule" was first coined in the early 20th century by Nobel laureate Hermann Staudinger. The term is derived from the Greek words "makros", meaning large, and "molecule", meaning a group of atoms bonded together.
Types of Macromolecules
There are four major types of macromolecules found in living organisms:
- Proteins: These are composed of amino acids and perform a wide range of functions in the body.
- Nucleic Acids: These include DNA and RNA, which store and transmit genetic information.
- Carbohydrates: These provide energy and are composed of sugar molecules.
- Lipids: These are fats and oils that store energy and make up cell membranes.
Each of these macromolecules plays a crucial role in the structure and function of cells.
Synthesis of Macromolecules
Macromolecules are synthesized in the body through a process known as polymerization, in which smaller units, or monomers, are linked together to form a larger structure.
Functions of Macromolecules
Macromolecules perform a wide range of functions in the body. Proteins, for example, can act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information. Carbohydrates provide energy and are involved in cell recognition processes. Lipids store energy, provide insulation, and make up cell membranes.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Macromolecule
- Wikipedia's article - Macromolecule
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