Lupus nephritis

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Lupus Nephritis

Lupus nephritis (pronounced: loo-pus neh-fry-tis) is a serious medical condition that affects the kidneys and is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Etymology

The term "lupus" is derived from the Latin word for wolf, due to the characteristic rash that was thought to resemble a wolf's bite. "Nephritis" comes from the Greek "nephros" meaning kidney, and "-itis" denoting inflammation.

Definition

Lupus nephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys caused by SLE, an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. This inflammation can lead to kidney damage and kidney failure if not properly managed.

Symptoms

Symptoms of lupus nephritis may include blood in the urine (hematuria), high blood pressure (hypertension), swelling in the legs and feet (edema), and decreased kidney function.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lupus nephritis typically involves a combination of blood tests, urine tests, and a kidney biopsy. The presence of certain antibodies in the blood, such as anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA), can suggest SLE and lupus nephritis.

Treatment

Treatment for lupus nephritis aims to reduce kidney inflammation and prevent kidney damage. This often involves medications such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. In severe cases, dialysis or a kidney transplant may be necessary.

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