Long term depression
Long Term Depression (LTD)
Long Term Depression (LTD) (/lɔːŋ tɜːrm dɪˈprɛʃən/), is a process that occurs in the brain and is associated with the weakening of synaptic connections between neurons.
Etymology
The term "Long Term Depression" is derived from the duration of the process (long-term) and the result of the process (depression), which refers to the reduction in synaptic strength.
Definition
Long Term Depression is a type of synaptic plasticity where the efficacy of neuronal synapses decreases over time. This process is thought to contribute to the removal of unnecessary synaptic connections in the brain.
Mechanism
The mechanism of LTD involves a decrease in the sensitivity of receptors on the post-synaptic neuron, specifically glutamate receptors. This decrease in sensitivity results in a reduced response to neurotransmitter release from the pre-synaptic neuron.
Role in Learning and Memory
LTD plays a crucial role in learning and memory by allowing the brain to adapt to new information and discard irrelevant information. It is thought to be one of the major cellular mechanisms that underlies memory and learning.
Related Terms
- Synaptic Plasticity: The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity.
- Long Term Potentiation (LTP): The opposite of LTD, LTP is a long-lasting strengthening of synapses between nerve cells.
- Neuron: A nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system.
- Glutamate: A neurotransmitter that plays an important role in neuronal excitation in the central nervous system.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Long term depression
- Wikipedia's article - Long term depression
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