Local anesthetics
Local Anesthetics
Local anesthetics (/ˈloʊkəl ænɪsˈθɛtɪks/) are a group of medications that cause a reversible loss of sensation in a localized area of the body. They are used to prevent pain during procedures that might otherwise cause discomfort.
Etymology
The term "anesthetic" is derived from the Greek words "an-" (without) and "-aisthesis" (sensation). The prefix "local" refers to the drug's action at a specific location in the body.
Types of Local Anesthetics
There are two main types of local anesthetics: amide and ester local anesthetics. Examples of amide local anesthetics include lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine. Ester local anesthetics include procaine, tetracaine, and benzocaine.
Mechanism of Action
Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium channels in nerve cells, preventing the propagation of nerve impulses and thus the sensation of pain.
Uses
Local anesthetics are used in a variety of medical procedures, including dental procedures, minor surgery, and certain types of endoscopy. They can be administered by injection, topical application, or inhalation.
Side Effects
While generally safe, local anesthetics can cause side effects such as allergic reactions, nerve damage, and systemic toxicity if they enter the bloodstream in large amounts.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Local anesthetics
- Wikipedia's article - Local anesthetics
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