Lithotroph

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Lithotroph

Lithotrophs (/'lɪθətrɒf/; from Greek lithos meaning "stone" and trophe meaning "nourishment") are a diverse group of organisms using inorganic substrate (usually of mineral origin) to obtain reducing equivalents for use in biosynthesis (for example, carbon dioxide fixation) or energy conservation (i.e., ATP production) via aerobic or anaerobic respiration.

Etymology

The term "lithotroph" is derived from the Greek words lithos (λίθος), meaning "stone", and trophe (τροφή), meaning "nourishment". This refers to the lithotroph's ability to use inorganic substances, often of mineral origin, as a source of energy.

Characteristics

Known lithotrophs are exclusively microorganisms; no known multicellular organisms are able to exist purely on inorganic substances for nutrition. Lithotrophs belong to the group of autotrophs, which are organisms capable of producing complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in their surroundings, using light or chemical energy.

Types of Lithotrophs

Lithotrophs can be classified into different types based on the type of inorganic substrate they use. These include:

  • Lithoautotrophs: These organisms use inorganic substances for both energy and carbon. Examples include certain types of bacteria and archaea.
  • Lithoheterotrophs: These organisms use inorganic substances for energy but require organic substances for carbon. Examples include certain types of bacteria.

See Also

References


External links

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