Listing's law
Listing's Law
Listing's Law (pronounced: LIST-ing's law) is a principle in neurophysiology and optometry that describes the three-dimensional eye movements of humans and many mammals. The law is named after the German mathematician Johann Benedict Listing, who first described it in 1845.
Etymology
The term "Listing's Law" is derived from the name of Johann Benedict Listing, a German mathematician who was the first to describe this phenomenon. The word "law" in this context refers to a scientific principle that is generally accepted as universally true.
Definition
Listing's Law states that the eye rotates about an axis that is perpendicular to the plane of the eye's rotation. This means that when the eye moves from one point to another, it does so in a way that minimizes the torsional rotation of the eye. This law applies when the head is still and the eye is moving in the primary position.
Related Terms
- Torsion: In the context of eye movements, torsion refers to the rotation of the eye around the line of sight.
- Optokinetic reflex: This is a combination of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements that allows the eye to follow objects in motion and maintain a stable image on the retina.
- Saccade: This is a quick, simultaneous movement of both eyes between two or more phases of fixation in the same direction.
- Smooth pursuit: These are slow eye movements designed to keep a moving stimulus on the fovea.
Implications in Optometry
In optometry, understanding Listing's Law is crucial for diagnosing and treating certain eye conditions. For instance, violations of Listing's Law can indicate neurological disorders such as strabismus or nystagmus.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Listing's law
- Wikipedia's article - Listing's law
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