Ligase
Ligase
Ligase (pronounced: /ˈlaɪɡeɪs/) is an enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond. It plays a crucial role in DNA replication and DNA repair mechanisms.
Etymology
The term "Ligase" is derived from the Latin word "ligare", which means "to bind". This is reflective of the enzyme's function, which is to bind or join two molecules together.
Function
Ligase is involved in the process of DNA replication and DNA repair. It works by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the phosphate group of one DNA strand and the hydroxyl group of another. This action is essential for the joining of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication and for the repair of single-strand breaks in the DNA.
Types of Ligase
There are several types of ligase enzymes, each with a specific function. These include:
- DNA ligase: This enzyme is involved in the process of DNA replication and repair. It joins together Okazaki fragments during DNA replication and repairs single-strand breaks in the DNA.
- RNA ligase: This enzyme is involved in the process of RNA replication and repair. It joins together RNA fragments during RNA replication and repairs single-strand breaks in the RNA.
- ATP-dependent ligase: This enzyme requires ATP to function. It is involved in the process of DNA replication and repair.
- NAD+-dependent ligase: This enzyme requires NAD+ to function. It is involved in the process of DNA replication and repair.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Ligase
- Wikipedia's article - Ligase
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