Korsakoff syndrome
Korsakoff Syndrome
Korsakoff Syndrome (pronounced kor-sa-kov sin-drome) is a chronic memory disorder primarily caused by vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, typically associated with chronic alcohol misuse. It is characterized by amnesia, confabulation, and personality changes.
Etymology
The syndrome is named after Sergei Korsakoff, a Russian neuropsychiatrist who discovered the syndrome during the late 19th century. The term "syndrome" is derived from the Greek word "syndromē," which means "concurrence of symptoms," or "running together."
Symptoms
Korsakoff Syndrome is characterized by memory problems and psychological or neurological changes. Key symptoms include:
- Amnesia: This is the most common symptom. It involves both anterograde amnesia (difficulty in forming new memories) and retrograde amnesia (difficulty in recalling old memories).
- Confabulation: This is when a person creates or fills in gaps in their memory with events that didn't happen.
- Apathy: This is a lack of interest or enthusiasm in activities or life in general.
- Hallucinations: These are false perceptions of objects, events, or senses.
Causes
The primary cause of Korsakoff Syndrome is the deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine), which is often associated with chronic alcohol misuse. However, it can also be caused by malnutrition, eating disorders, and certain infectious diseases that interfere with nutrient absorption.
Treatment
Treatment for Korsakoff Syndrome primarily involves replacing the missing vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the body, abstaining from alcohol, and providing supportive care. This can include rehabilitation therapies such as occupational therapy, speech therapy, and physical therapy.
Related Terms
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: This is a combination of Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff Syndrome. It is also caused by severe thiamine deficiency.
- Alcohol-related brain damage: This is a brain disorder caused by regularly drinking too much alcohol. Korsakoff Syndrome is a type of alcohol-related brain damage.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Korsakoff syndrome
- Wikipedia's article - Korsakoff syndrome
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