Ketones

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Ketones

Ketones (/ˈkiːtoʊnz/; from Greek: κητών, romanized: kētōn, lit. 'whale') are a group of organic compounds characterized by a carbonyl functional group (C=O) located within the molecule. The term "ketone" was first used in 1848 by German chemist Leopold Gmelin.

Etymology

The term "ketone" is derived from Aketon, an old German word for acetone. The suffix "-one" is added to indicate that the compound contains a carbonyl group.

Structure and Classification

Ketones are classified into two main types: Aliphatic ketones and Aromatic ketones. Aliphatic ketones have the carbonyl group located within a chain of carbon atoms, while aromatic ketones have the carbonyl group attached to an aromatic ring.

Properties

Ketones are polar molecules due to the presence of the carbonyl group. They have higher boiling points than comparable hydrocarbons but lower than alcohols. Ketones are also known for their ability to form hydrogen bonds with water, making them soluble in water.

Biological Importance

In human metabolism, ketones are produced in the liver from fatty acids during periods of low food intake (fasting), carbohydrate restrictive diets, starvation, prolonged intense exercise, or in untreated (or inadequately treated) type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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