Justice
Justice
Justice (pronounced: /ˈdʒʌstɪs/) is a complex and multifaceted concept that plays a crucial role in ethical and moral philosophy, as well as in legal and social discourse.
Etymology
The term 'justice' originates from the Latin word 'iustitia', which means 'righteousness, equity', and is derived from 'iustus', meaning 'just'.
Definition
Justice is generally defined as the principle of fairness, the ideal of moral equity. In its broadest sense, justice is about people receiving what is due to them, whether in terms of rewards or punishments.
Types of Justice
There are several types of justice, each with its own specific focus and application. These include:
- Distributive Justice: This refers to the fair distribution of benefits and burdens in a society. It is concerned with the allocation of resources, wealth, and power.
- Retributive Justice: This type of justice is focused on punishment for wrongdoing. It is the principle behind criminal justice systems that seek to punish offenders in a manner proportionate to their crimes.
- Restorative Justice: This form of justice seeks to repair the harm caused by crime. It often involves reconciliation between the offender and the victim, and can include restitution or community service.
- Social Justice: This refers to justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society. It seeks to address issues of inequality and discrimination.
Related Terms
- Equity: In a legal context, equity refers to the application of principles of fairness in situations where the law may not provide a remedy, or the remedy may be inadequate.
- Law: A system of rules created and enforced by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.
- Morality: Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.
- Ethics: The branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.
- Rights: Legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement.
- Duty: A moral or legal obligation; a responsibility.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Justice
- Wikipedia's article - Justice
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