Isoelectric focusing

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Isoelectric focusing (pronunciation: /ˌaɪsoʊɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈfoʊkəsɪŋ/) is a technique used in protein purification and proteomics that separates proteins based on their isoelectric point (pI). The isoelectric point is the pH at which a particular molecule or surface carries no net electrical charge.

Etymology

The term "isoelectric focusing" is derived from the Greek word "isos" meaning equal, "electric" from the Latin "electricus" meaning produced from amber by friction, and "focusing" from the Latin "focus" meaning hearth or fireplace.

Procedure

Isoelectric focusing is performed in a gel or a capillary, where a pH gradient is established. Proteins are then applied to this gradient and subjected to an electric field, causing them to migrate until they reach the region of the gradient where the pH equals their pI. At this point, they have no net charge and cease to migrate.

Related Terms

  • Isoelectric point: The pH at which a particular molecule carries no net electrical charge.
  • Protein purification: The process of isolating a single type of protein from a complex mixture.
  • Proteomics: The large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions.

Applications

Isoelectric focusing is used in various fields such as biochemistry, molecular biology, and clinical chemistry. It is particularly useful in the study of proteins and their isoforms, and in the detection of protein modifications.

See Also

External links

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