Institutional review board

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Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Institutional Review Board (IRB), pronounced /ɪnˈstɪtʃuːʃənəl rɪˈvjuː bɔːrd/, is a committee that has been formally designated to review, approve, monitor, and periodically review biomedical and behavioral research involving humans. They often conduct risk-benefit analyses to determine whether research should be done. The purpose of the IRB is to assure that appropriate steps are taken to protect the rights and welfare of humans participating as subjects in a research study.

Etymology

The term "Institutional Review Board" originates from the United States, where such committees were first established in response to research ethics abuses in the 20th century. The term "institutional" refers to the establishment that the board is affiliated with, such as a hospital, university, or corporation. "Review board" refers to the board's role in reviewing research proposals.

Related Terms

  • Research Ethics: The application of ethical principles to the conduct of research.
  • Human Subject Research: Research that involves human beings as the subjects of study.
  • Informed Consent: The process by which a participant voluntarily confirms his or her willingness to participate in a particular research project, after having been informed of all aspects of the research that are relevant to the decision to participate.
  • Risk-Benefit Analysis: The comparison of the risk of a situation to its related benefits.
  • Biomedical Research: The area of science devoted to the study of the processes of life, the prevention and treatment of disease, and the genetic and environmental factors related to disease and health.

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