Epileptic spasms
Epileptic Spasms
Epileptic spasms (pronunciation: /ɛpɪˈlɛptɪk ˈspazəmz/), also known as infantile spasms, are a type of seizure that occurs in an epilepsy syndrome of infancy and childhood known as West Syndrome. The spasms are an uncommon-to-rare event that occurs in one of every 2,000-4,000 live births.
Etymology
The term "epileptic spasms" is derived from the Greek word "epilēpsía" meaning "seizure" and the Latin word "spasmus" meaning "spasm".
Description
Epileptic spasms are characterized by a sudden flexion, extension, or mixed flexion-extension of predominantly proximal and truncal muscles. The spasms tend to occur upon awakening or after feeding, and often occur in clusters. Each spasm typically lasts less than 10 seconds, and the entire cluster usually lasts no longer than 20 minutes.
Causes
The causes of epileptic spasms are often unknown, but can include brain malformations, genetic disorders, neurocutaneous syndromes, metabolic disorders, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of epileptic spasms involves a detailed medical history, physical and neurological examination, and electroencephalogram (EEG). The EEG typically shows a pattern known as hypsarrhythmia, which is characterized by a chaotic, high-amplitude, irregular pattern of brain waves.
Treatment
Treatment options for epileptic spasms include antiepileptic drugs, corticosteroids, and in some cases, surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the underlying cause of the spasms, the child's age, and the child's overall health.
Prognosis
The prognosis for children with epileptic spasms varies. Some children may experience a reduction in seizures with treatment, while others may continue to have seizures despite treatment. The long-term outlook also depends on the underlying cause of the spasms.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Epileptic spasms
- Wikipedia's article - Epileptic spasms
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