IgE
IgE
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) (/aɪˈdʒiː/) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) that has only been found in mammals. It plays an essential role in the body's immune system. IgE is synthesized by plasma cells. Monomers of IgE consist of two heavy chains (ε chain) and two light chains, with the ε chain containing 4 Ig-like constant domains (Cε1-Cε4).
Etymology
The term "Immunoglobulin E" (IgE) is derived from the word "immune", referring to the immune system, and "globulin", which is a historical term for a class of proteins in the blood. The "E" denotes the fifth class of immunoglobulins identified.
Function
IgE's main function is immunity to parasites such as parasitic worms like Schistosoma mansoni, Trichinella spiralis, and Fasciola hepatica. IgE may also be important during immune defense against certain protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum.
IgE also plays a pivotal role in responses to allergens, such as: dust mites, pollen, and food items. When individuals are exposed to these allergens, they often experience a hypersensitivity, due to the release of histamines after IgE antibodies bind to these allergens.
Related Terms
- Allergy: A hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system. Allergic reactions occur when a person's immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment.
- Antibody: A large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
- Immunoglobulin: Any of a class of proteins present in the serum and cells of the immune system, that function as antibodies.
- Plasma Cell: A type of white blood cell that produces a single type of antibody. Plasma cells are created when a white blood cell called a B cell is stimulated by a foreign substance known as an antigen.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on IgE
- Wikipedia's article - IgE
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