Hyphae
Hyphae
Hyphae (pronounced: /ˈhaɪfiː/) are the long, branching filamentous structures of fungi. They are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.
Etymology
The term "hyphae" comes from the Greek word ὑφή (hyphē), meaning 'web'.
Structure
Hyphae are composed of tubular cells which are connected end-to-end, and are often encased within a cell wall. The cell wall is typically composed of chitin, a strong but flexible nitrogen-containing polysaccharide.
Types of Hyphae
There are three main types of hyphae: septate, coenocytic, and rhizoids.
- Septate hyphae have dividers called septa, which are cross walls that separate the hyphae into individual cells.
- Coenocytic hyphae lack these septa, and are instead one long continuous cell.
- Rhizoids are small, root-like hyphae that anchor the fungus to the substrate.
Function
Hyphae are primarily involved in nutrient absorption. They secrete enzymes that break down complex organic materials into simpler compounds, which are then absorbed into the hyphae and used for growth and reproduction.
Related Terms
- Mycelium - The mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a fungus.
- Chitin - A complex sugar that forms the cell wall of fungi and the exoskeletons of arthropods.
- Septa - The cross walls that divide septate hyphae into individual cells.
- Rhizoids - Small, root-like hyphae that anchor the fungus to the substrate.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hyphae
- Wikipedia's article - Hyphae
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