Hypersplenism
Hypersplenism
Hypersplenism (pronounced: hi-per-sple-nizm) is a medical condition characterized by an overactive spleen which results in the excessive destruction of blood cells, leading to anemia, leukopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia.
Etymology
The term "Hypersplenism" is derived from the Greek words "hyper" meaning over or excessive, and "splen" referring to the spleen.
Symptoms
The symptoms of Hypersplenism can vary, but often include fatigue, shortness of breath, easy bruising, and frequent infections. In severe cases, it can lead to life-threatening complications such as sepsis or bleeding disorders.
Causes
Hypersplenism can be caused by a variety of conditions, including liver disease, malaria, leukemia, and lymphoma. It can also be a result of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Hypersplenism typically involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies. The complete blood count (CBC) is often used to detect the decrease in blood cells.
Treatment
Treatment for Hypersplenism depends on the underlying cause. It may involve treating the underlying disease, splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen), or splenic artery embolization (a procedure to block the blood supply to the spleen).
Related Terms
- Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen.
- Pancytopenia: A condition where there is a reduction in the number of all types of blood cells.
- Splenectomy: Surgical removal of the spleen.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hypersplenism
- Wikipedia's article - Hypersplenism
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