Hydrosphere

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Hydrosphere

Hydrosphere (/haɪˈdrɒsfɪər/; from Greek: ὕδωρ - hydōr, "water" and σφαῖρα - sphaira, "sphere") is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet or natural satellite.

Etymology

The term "hydrosphere" was coined from the Greek words "hydōr" meaning water, and "sphaira" meaning sphere. This term is used to describe the total amount of water on Earth's surface, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, ground water, and water in the atmosphere.

Definition

In hydrology, the hydrosphere is that portion of the Earth that is made of water, including all oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, ground water, and water in the atmosphere. It includes all water bodies and water in the ground, and the moisture in the air. The hydrosphere is an integral part of the Earth system, interacting with the atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.

Components of the Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere is divided into several components based on the physical state and location of the water. These components include:

  • Oceans: These are the largest bodies of water, covering about 71% of the Earth's surface.
  • Seas and Lakes: These are smaller bodies of water, either partially enclosed by land (seas) or completely enclosed by land (lakes).
  • Rivers and Streams: These are flowing bodies of water that move in a channel.
  • Groundwater: This is water located beneath the Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
  • Ice Caps and Glaciers: These are large masses of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow.
  • Atmospheric Water: This is water present in the Earth's atmosphere, mainly in the form of water vapor.

Importance of the Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere plays a crucial role in supporting life on Earth. It is home to a wide variety of organisms and significantly influences the planet's weather and climate. The hydrosphere also plays a key role in the water cycle, which is vital for all life on Earth.

See Also

External links

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