Hook effect

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Hook Effect

The Hook Effect or the Prozone Effect is a phenomenon that can occur in immunoassays, leading to falsely low results. This effect is caused by an excess of antigen in the sample, which saturates both the capture and detection antibodies, preventing the formation of the antibody-antigen-antibody "sandwich" that is typically detected in these assays.

Pronunciation

  • Hook Effect: /hʊk ɪˈfɛkt/
  • Prozone Effect: /ˈproʊzoʊn ɪˈfɛkt/

Etymology

The term "Hook Effect" is derived from the characteristic hook-shaped curve that results when the assay's response is plotted against the antigen concentration. The "Prozone Effect" is named after the prozone phenomenon observed in precipitation reactions in serology, where an excess of antigen prevents the formation of a visible precipitate.

Related Terms

  • Immunoassay: A biochemical test that measures the presence or concentration of a substance in solutions that frequently contain a complex mixture of substances.
  • Antigen: A substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
  • Antibody: A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen.
  • Serology: The scientific study or diagnostic examination of blood serum, especially with regard to the response of the immune system to pathogens or introduced substances.

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