Histoplasma capsulatum
Histoplasma capsulatum
Histoplasma capsulatum (pronunciation: his-toe-plaz-muh kap-suh-lay-tum) is a fungus that can cause a disease known as histoplasmosis.
Etymology
The term "Histoplasma" is derived from the Greek words "histo" meaning tissue, and "plasma" meaning form or mold. "Capsulatum" refers to the capsule-like appearance of the yeast form of the fungus.
Description
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus, meaning it can exist in two different forms. In the environment, it exists as a mold, but when inhaled into the lungs, it transforms into a yeast form. This fungus is commonly found in soil that is enriched with bird or bat droppings.
Disease
Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum can lead to histoplasmosis, a disease that primarily affects the lungs. While many infections are asymptomatic, severe cases can cause symptoms similar to tuberculosis. In rare cases, the infection can spread to other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system, in a condition known as disseminated histoplasmosis.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of histoplasmosis is typically made through a combination of clinical symptoms, radiographic findings, and laboratory tests. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications, such as itraconazole or amphotericin B.
Related Terms
- Mycosis: A disease caused by infection with a fungus.
- Dimorphic fungus: A fungus that can exist in two different forms.
- Endemic: A disease or condition regularly found among particular people or in a certain area.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Histoplasma capsulatum
- Wikipedia's article - Histoplasma capsulatum
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