Histogram
Histogram
A Histogram (/ˈhɪstəˌɡræm/; from the Ancient Greek words histos meaning "anything set upright" and gramma meaning "drawing, writing") is a graphical representation of the distribution of a dataset. It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable. To construct a histogram, the first step is to "bin" the range of values—that is, divide the entire range of values into a series of intervals—and then count how many values fall into each interval.
History
The concept of the histogram was first introduced by Karl Pearson, an English mathematician, in the late 19th century. Pearson was a pioneer in the field of statistics and he developed the histogram as a way to visualize statistical data.
Usage
Histograms are widely used in statistics, data analysis, and probability theory. They provide a visual interpretation of numerical data by indicating the number of data points that lie within a range of values, known as a bin. The frequency of the data that falls in each bin is represented by the height of the corresponding bar.
Construction
The construction of a histogram involves several steps:
- Data Collection: The first step in constructing a histogram is to collect and sort the data.
- Binning: The data range is divided into several bins.
- Counting: The number of data points in each bin is counted.
- Plotting: The bins are plotted on the x-axis and the count on the y-axis.
Related Terms
- Bar Chart: A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally.
- Frequency Distribution: In statistics, a frequency distribution is a list, table or graph that displays the frequency of various outcomes in a sample.
- Probability Distribution: In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is a mathematical function that provides the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes in an experiment.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Histogram
- Wikipedia's article - Histogram
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