High-grade serous carcinoma

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High-grade serous carcinoma

High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is a type of ovarian cancer that is often diagnosed in the advanced stages. It is the most common and aggressive subtype of ovarian carcinoma.

Pronunciation

High-grade serous carcinoma is pronounced as "hi-grad seer-us kar-si-no-ma".

Etymology

The term "carcinoma" is derived from the Greek words "karkinos" meaning crab and "oma" meaning tumor, referring to the crab-like spread of the cancer. "Serous" refers to the nature of the cells, which resemble serum, a component of blood. "High-grade" refers to the aggressive nature of the cancer cells.

Definition

High-grade serous carcinoma is a type of epithelial ovarian cancer that originates from the cells lining the ovaries. It is characterized by high-grade (aggressive and fast-growing) cancer cells that resemble serous (fluid-producing) cells.

Symptoms

Symptoms of high-grade serous carcinoma may include abdominal pain or bloating, changes in bowel habits, and frequent urination. However, these symptoms are often vague and can be easily mistaken for other conditions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of high-grade serous carcinoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as CT scan or MRI, and biopsy. The definitive diagnosis is made by examining the biopsy under a microscope.

Treatment

Treatment for high-grade serous carcinoma usually involves surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible, followed by chemotherapy. In some cases, targeted therapy or immunotherapy may also be used.

Prognosis

The prognosis for high-grade serous carcinoma is generally poor, as the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. However, survival rates can vary widely depending on factors such as the patient's overall health and the extent of the disease.

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