Heterocyclic antidepressant

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Heterocyclic Antidepressant

Heterocyclic antidepressants (pronunciation: heh-teh-roh-sigh-click an-tee-dee-press-ants) are a class of antidepressant medications that contain a heterocyclic ring in their chemical structure.

Etymology

The term "heterocyclic" is derived from the Greek words "heteros" meaning different, and "kyklos" meaning circle or ring. This refers to the presence of atoms of at least two different elements in the ring structure of these compounds. The term "antidepressant" refers to the medication's ability to alleviate symptoms of depression.

Related Terms

  • Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): A type of heterocyclic antidepressant that contains three rings in its chemical structure.
  • Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs): A type of heterocyclic antidepressant that contains four rings in its chemical structure.
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): A class of antidepressants that work by increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain. Although not heterocyclic in structure, they are often used in conjunction with heterocyclic antidepressants in treatment.
  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Another class of antidepressants that work by inhibiting the action of monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that breaks down certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Like SSRIs, they are not heterocyclic but are often used in combination with heterocyclic antidepressants.

Usage

Heterocyclic antidepressants are used in the treatment of various mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, and certain types of chronic pain. They work by altering the levels of certain chemicals in the brain, known as neurotransmitters, which are involved in regulating mood and pain perception.

Side Effects

Like all medications, heterocyclic antidepressants can cause side effects. These may include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and changes in heart rate. More serious side effects can include suicidal thoughts, especially in young adults and adolescents. It is important to discuss these potential side effects with a healthcare provider before starting treatment.

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