Hermann Joseph Muller
Hermann Joseph Muller (== Template:IPA ==
The Template:IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is a system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.
Pronunciation
The pronunciation of the term "IPA" is /aɪ piː eɪ/ in English.
Etymology
The term "IPA" is an acronym for the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association, founded in 1886, created the IPA to provide a single, universal system for the transcription of spoken language.
Related Terms
- Phonetic notation: A system used to visually represent the sounds of speech. The IPA is one type of phonetic notation.
- Phonetics: The study of the physical sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phonemes), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception.
- Phonology: The study of the way sounds function within a particular language or languages. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a particular language or languages.
- Transcription (linguistics): The systematic representation of spoken language in written form. The source of the words transcribe and transcription, the term means "to write across" in Latin, and it's the process of converting spoken language into written form. In linguistics, this is often done using the IPA.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hermann Joseph Muller
- Wikipedia's article - Hermann Joseph Muller
This WikiMD dictionary article is a stub. You can help make it a full article.
Languages: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
Urdu,
বাংলা,
తెలుగు,
தமிழ்,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
русский,
português do Brasil,
Italian,
polski) was an American geneticist, educator, and Nobel laureate best known for his work on the physiological and genetic effects of radiation (mutagenesis), as well as his outspoken political beliefs. Muller frequently warned of long-term dangers of radioactive fallout from nuclear war and nuclear testing, helping to raise public awareness in this area.
Etymology
The name Hermann is of German origin and means "army man". Joseph is a common name of Hebrew origin, meaning "he will add". Muller is a common German surname meaning "miller".
Early Life and Education
Muller was born in New York City, the son of Frances (Lyons) and Hermann Joseph Muller Sr., a craftsman. He graduated from Columbia University in 1910. He completed his Ph.D. in zoology from Columbia University in 1916.
Career
In 1927, while working at the University of Texas, he made the seminal discovery that artificial exposure to X-rays can cause genetic mutation. This discovery earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1946.
Political Activism
Muller was a passionate advocate of eugenics, the social movement claiming to improve genetic features of human populations through selective breeding. He was also an outspoken critic of the nuclear arms race during the Cold War.
Death
Muller died in 1967, in Indianapolis, Indiana, where he was serving as Distinguished Service Professor of Zoology and Professor of Medical Genetics.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hermann Joseph Muller
- Wikipedia's article - Hermann Joseph Muller
This WikiMD dictionary article is a stub. You can help make it a full article.
Languages: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
Urdu,
বাংলা,
తెలుగు,
தமிழ்,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
русский,
português do Brasil,
Italian,
polski