Hemophagocytosis
Hemophagocytosis
Hemophagocytosis (pronounced: he-mo-fa-go-sy-to-sis) is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal engulfment and destruction of red blood cells, white blood cells, and/or platelets by macrophages.
Etymology
The term "Hemophagocytosis" is derived from the Greek words "haima" meaning blood, "phagein" meaning to eat, and "kytosis" meaning a condition of cells.
Definition
Hemophagocytosis is a pathological condition where there is an overactive immune response, leading to the excessive activation and proliferation of macrophages or histiocytes. These cells then engulf and destroy blood cells, leading to a decrease in the number of circulating blood cells, a condition known as cytopenia.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hemophagocytosis can vary widely, but often include fever, enlarged spleen, anemia, and jaundice. In severe cases, it can lead to organ failure and can be life-threatening.
Causes
Hemophagocytosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases. It is often associated with conditions such as Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of hemophagocytosis is typically made through a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and sometimes, a bone marrow biopsy. The presence of hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow is a key diagnostic feature.
Treatment
Treatment for hemophagocytosis typically involves addressing the underlying cause, if known. This may include antibiotics for infections, chemotherapy for malignancies, or immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune diseases. In severe cases, a bone marrow transplant may be necessary.
Related Terms
- Histiocyte
- Macrophage
- Cytopenia
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- Macrophage Activation Syndrome
- Bone marrow transplant
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hemophagocytosis
- Wikipedia's article - Hemophagocytosis
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