Glycosidic bonds

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Glycosidic Bonds

Glycosidic bonds (pronunciation: /ɡlaɪˈkɒsɪdɪk bɒndz/) are a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.

Etymology

The term "glycosidic bond" is derived from the word "glycoside". In turn, "glycoside" comes from the Greek words "glykys" (meaning sweet) and "eidos" (meaning form or shape).

Definition

A glycosidic bond is formed when the hydroxyl group of one sugar molecule reacts with the hydroxyl group of another sugar molecule, releasing a molecule of water (a process known as a dehydration reaction). This type of bond is commonly found in carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and certain types of lipids.

Types of Glycosidic Bonds

There are two main types of glycosidic bonds: alpha (α) and beta (β). The difference between these two types lies in the position of the bonded oxygen atom on the anomeric carbon of the sugar molecule.

Related Terms

  • Anomer: An isomer that differs in the configuration at the anomeric carbon.
  • Monosaccharide: The simplest form of carbohydrate.
  • Disaccharide: A sugar composed of two monosaccharides.
  • Polysaccharide: A complex carbohydrate composed of a chain of monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds.

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