Glycosidic bond

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Glycosidic bond

A Glycosidic bond (pronunciation: /ɡlaɪkəˈsɪdɪk bɒnd/) is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.

Etymology

The term "glycosidic bond" is derived from the word "glycoside". In turn, "glycoside" is a compound term from "glyco-", a prefix for sugar-related substances, and "-side", derived from the Greek "σίδηρος" (sideros), meaning "iron". The term was coined to describe the result of a reaction between a sugar and an alcohol, which was thought to be similar to the reaction between iron and oxygen to form an oxide.

Types of Glycosidic Bonds

There are two main types of glycosidic bonds: alpha (α) glycosidic bond and beta (β) glycosidic bond. The difference between these two types lies in the stereochemistry of the anomeric carbon involved in the bond.

Alpha (α) Glycosidic Bond

An alpha (α) glycosidic bond is formed when the OH group on the anomeric carbon of the first glucose molecule is below the plane of the ring and the OH group on the carbon atom of the second glucose molecule is above the plane of the ring.

Beta (β) Glycosidic Bond

A beta (β) glycosidic bond is formed when the OH group on the anomeric carbon of the first glucose molecule is above the plane of the ring and the OH group on the carbon atom of the second glucose molecule is below the plane of the ring.

Related Terms

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