Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination
Genetic recombination (/dʒɪˈnɛtɪk ˌriːkəmbɪˈneɪʃən/) is a process by which DNA sequences are broken and combined to produce new sequences of genetic material. This process is a fundamental aspect of genetics and is crucial for the diversity and evolution of species.
Etymology
The term "genetic recombination" is derived from the words "gene," from the Greek word "genos" meaning race or kind, and "recombination," which refers to the process of combining something in a different way.
Process
Genetic recombination involves the exchange of genetic material between different chromosomes or different regions of the same chromosome. This process can occur during meiosis, a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in parent cells by half and produces four gamete cells. This process is essential for the production of egg and sperm cells in sexually reproducing organisms.
Types
There are three main types of genetic recombination: Homologous recombination, Site-specific recombination, and Illegitimate recombination. Each type involves different mechanisms and occurs under different circumstances.
Importance
Genetic recombination is important for several reasons. It contributes to genetic diversity, which is crucial for the survival and evolution of species. It also plays a role in DNA repair, helping to maintain the integrity of the genetic material.
Related Terms
- Crossing over: The process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
- Chiasma: The point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during meiosis and where exchange of genetic material occurs in crossing over.
- Genetic linkage: The tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Genetic recombination
- Wikipedia's article - Genetic recombination
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