Genetic disease
Genetic disease
A Genetic disease (pronunciation: /dʒɪˈnɛtɪk dɪˈziːz/) is a type of disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's genome. This abnormality can range from minuscule to major -- from a discrete mutation in a single base in the DNA of a single gene to a gross chromosome abnormality involving the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes.
Etymology
The term "genetic disease" is derived from the word "gene," which comes from the Greek word "genos" meaning race or kind, and "disease," which comes from the Old French "desaise" meaning lack of ease.
Types of Genetic Diseases
There are several types of genetic diseases, including:
- Single-gene disorder: This is caused by mutations in the DNA sequence of one gene. Examples include Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease.
- Chromosomal disorder: This is caused by abnormalities in chromosome structure. Examples include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.
- Multifactorial inheritance disorder: This is caused by a combination of environmental factors and mutations in multiple genes. Examples include Alzheimer's disease, Cancer, and Diabetes.
- Mitochondrial disorder: This is caused by mutations in the non-chromosomal DNA of mitochondria. Examples include Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and Mitochondrial myopathy.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Genetic disease
- Wikipedia's article - Genetic disease
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