Gene bank

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Gene bank

A Gene bank (/dʒiːn bæŋk/) is a type of biorepository which preserves genetic material. For plants, this could be by freezing cuttings from the plant, or stocking the seeds (e.g. in a seed bank). For animals, this is often done by freezing sperm and eggs in liquid nitrogen.

Etymology

The term "Gene bank" is derived from the English words "gene", which refers to a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring, and "bank", which refers to a place where something is stored or accumulated.

Related Terms

  • Biorepository: A biorepository is a biological materials repository that collects, processes, stores, and distributes biospecimens to support future scientific investigation.
  • Seed bank: A seed bank stores seeds to preserve genetic diversity; hence it is a type of gene bank.
  • Sperm bank: A sperm bank, semen bank or cryobank is a facility or enterprise which purchases and stores human sperm from sperm donors for use by women who need donor-provided sperm to achieve a pregnancy or pregnancies.
  • Egg bank: An egg bank is a type of fertility preservation in which a woman's eggs (oocytes) are extracted, frozen and stored. The method is also known as oocyte cryopreservation.
  • Liquid nitrogen: Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen in a liquid state at an extremely low temperature. It is a colorless clear liquid with a density of 0.807 g/ml at its boiling point (−195.79 °C (77 K; −320 °F)) and a dielectric constant of 1.43.

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