Gap junction
Gap junction
A Gap junction (pronounced: /gæp ˈdʒʌŋkʃən/) is a specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of animal cell-types. It directly connects the cytoplasm of two cells, which allows various molecules, ions, and electrical impulses to pass directly through a regulated gate between cells.
Etymology
The term "Gap junction" was coined in the mid-20th century. The word "gap" is derived from the Old English 'gæp', meaning 'an opening or breach'. The word "junction" comes from the Latin 'iunctio', meaning 'a joining'.
Structure
One gap junction channel is composed of two connexons (or hemichannels), which connect across the intercellular space. Connexons are assembled from six connexins, a type of protein. The connexin proteins that make up a connexon can all be identical, making the connexon homomeric, or they can be different, making the connexon heteromeric.
Function
Gap junctions are essential for cell communication. They can allow for direct electrical communication, and also allow the exchange of metabolites and small-molecule neurotransmitters. This is critical in tissues where synchronous activity is necessary, such as the heart and smooth muscle tissue.
Related Terms
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Gap junction
- Wikipedia's article - Gap junction
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