Fumarate

Fumarate

Fumarate (pronounced: foo-muh-rate) is a key compound in the Citric Acid Cycle, also known as the Krebs Cycle or the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA). It is an intermediate in the cycle and plays a crucial role in the production of energy in the form of ATP.

Etymology

The term 'Fumarate' is derived from the Latin word 'Fumus' which means smoke. This is because fumaric acid, from which fumarate is derived, was first discovered in the smoke of burning chamomile.

Biochemical Role

In the Citric Acid Cycle, fumarate is produced from succinate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. This reaction also leads to the reduction of FAD to FADH2. Fumarate is then converted to malate by the addition of a water molecule in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme fumarase.

Medical Significance

Fumarate is also used in medicine, particularly in the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. In the form of dimethyl fumarate, it is used as an oral treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. It is also used in the treatment of psoriasis as it has been found to inhibit the proliferation of skin cells.

Related Terms

• Citric Acid Cycle
• succinate
• succinate dehydrogenase
• FAD
• fumarase
• malate
• dimethyl fumarate
• psoriasis
• multiple sclerosis

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Fumarate
• Wikipedia's article - Fumarate

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