Friedreich's sign

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Friedreich's sign

Friedreich's sign (pronounced: free-drikhs sign) is a clinical sign in medicine that is used to diagnose certain cardiovascular conditions. It is named after the German neurologist Nikolaus Friedreich, who first described the sign in the 19th century.

Etymology

The term "Friedreich's sign" is derived from the name of its discoverer, Nikolaus Friedreich. Friedreich was a prominent neurologist in Germany during the 19th century, and he made several significant contributions to the field of neurology and cardiology.

Definition

Friedreich's sign is defined as the absence of a normal increase in the intensity of the second heart sound (S2) during inspiration. This sign is typically observed in patients with pericardial effusion or constrictive pericarditis.

Clinical significance

The presence of Friedreich's sign can be an important clue in the diagnosis of certain cardiovascular conditions. It is most commonly associated with pericardial effusion and constrictive pericarditis, but it can also be seen in other conditions such as cardiac tamponade and restrictive cardiomyopathy.

Related terms

  • Pericardial effusion: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity, which can lead to increased pressure on the heart and impaired cardiac function.
  • Constrictive pericarditis: A condition characterized by a thickened, fibrotic pericardium that restricts the filling of the heart chambers.
  • Cardiac tamponade: A serious medical condition in which fluid accumulates in the pericardium, leading to reduced ventricular filling and subsequent hemodynamic compromise.
  • Restrictive cardiomyopathy: A type of cardiomyopathy in which the walls of the heart are rigid, and the heart is restricted from stretching and filling with blood properly.

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