Flagella

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Flagella

Flagella (pronunciation: /fləˈdʒɛlə/) are whip-like structures that allow cells to move. The term originates from the Latin word 'flagellum', meaning 'whip'.

Structure and Function

Flagella are composed of a protein called flagellin. They are attached to the cell body through a complex structure known as the basal body. The rotation of the flagella propels the cell through its environment, allowing it to reach areas of optimal growth conditions.

Types of Flagella

There are three main types of flagella: bacterial flagella, archaeal flagella, and eukaryotic flagella. Each type has a different structure and mechanism of movement.

Bacterial Flagella

Bacterial flagella are helical filaments that rotate like a propeller. They are powered by a flow of protons across the bacterial membrane.

Archaeal Flagella

Archaeal flagella are similar in appearance to bacterial flagella, but they are structurally and functionally more similar to type IV pili, which are used by bacteria for twitching motility and DNA uptake.

Eukaryotic Flagella

Eukaryotic flagella are complex cellular projections that lash back and forth. They are composed of a bundle of microtubules covered by the cell's plasma membrane.

Related Terms

  • Cilia: Short, hair-like structures that are used by cells for movement.
  • Pseudopodia: Temporary projections of eukaryotic cell membranes or unicellular protists.
  • Axoneme: The central shaft of a flagellum or cilium, containing microtubules.

See Also

External links

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