Femoroacetabular impingement

Femoroacetabular Impingement

Femoroacetabular impingement (pronunciation: feh-moh-roh-uh-see-tuh-buh-lur im-pinj-ment), often abbreviated as FAI, is a medical condition affecting the hip joint. The term is derived from the Latin words femur (thigh), acetabulum (hip socket), and impingere (to impinge or hinder).

Definition

FAI is a condition where there is abnormal contact or friction between the femoral head (ball) and the acetabulum (socket) of the hip joint. This abnormal contact or friction during hip movements can damage the joint, causing pain and limiting activity.

Types

There are three types of FAI: cam, pincer, and mixed.

• Cam impingement: This occurs when the femoral head is not perfectly round, causing it to jam in the acetabulum during hip movement.
• Pincer impingement: This occurs when the acetabulum covers too much of the femoral head, resulting in the labrum being pinched against the rim of the acetabulum.
• Mixed impingement: This is a combination of both cam and pincer impingement.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of FAI include pain in the groin or hip area, stiffness in the hip joint, and a reduced range of motion. The pain is often worse during or after physical activity.

Diagnosis

FAI is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, patient history, and imaging tests such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans.

Treatment

Treatment for FAI can be non-surgical or surgical. Non-surgical treatments include physical therapy, pain management with NSAIDs, and activity modification. Surgical treatments include arthroscopy or open surgery to correct the impingement.

Related Terms

• Hip arthroscopy
• Osteoarthritis
• Labral tear
• Hip dysplasia

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Femoroacetabular impingement
• Wikipedia's article - Femoroacetabular impingement

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