Episodic ataxia

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Episodic Ataxia

Episodic ataxia (pronounced: eh-pi-sod-ic a-tax-ia) is a rare and distinct type of ataxia that is characterized by sporadic episodes of severe discoordination, with or without myokymia (continuous muscle movement).

Etymology

The term "episodic ataxia" is derived from the Greek words "episodios" (meaning "coming at intervals") and "ataxia" (meaning "lack of order").

Types

There are two well-characterized types of episodic ataxia: type 1 and type 2, each caused by a mutation in a different gene. Other less characterized forms also exist, and are referred to as episodic ataxia type 3-7.

Episodic Ataxia Type 1

Episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1) is characterized by continuous muscle movement (myokymia) and attacks of ataxia that last minutes to hours. The attacks are often triggered by stress, startle, or exercise.

Episodic Ataxia Type 2

Episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) is characterized by attacks of ataxia that last hours to days. The attacks are often associated with other symptoms such as vertigo, tinnitus, and headache.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of episodic ataxia include poor coordination and balance, muscle weakness, vertigo, and difficulty with speech and swallowing. The severity and duration of these symptoms can vary widely among individuals.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of episodic ataxia is based on the clinical symptoms, family history, and genetic testing.

Treatment

Treatment for episodic ataxia is symptomatic and supportive. Medications such as acetazolamide may be used to reduce the severity and frequency of the ataxic episodes.

See Also

External links

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