Endosymbiosis

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Endosymbiosis (pronunciation: /ˌɛndoʊˌsaɪmbɪˈoʊsɪs/) is a process in which one organism (the Symbiont) lives inside another (the Host) and both benefit from this arrangement. The term is derived from the Greek words "endo" (meaning within), "syn" (together) and "biosis" (living), indicating the close and often long-term interaction between two different species.

Etymology

The term "Endosymbiosis" was first coined by the German botanist Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper in 1883 to describe the mutualistic relationship between chloroplasts and their host cells. The concept was later expanded by American biologist Lynn Margulis in the 20th century to explain the origin of mitochondria and other organelles in eukaryotic cells.

Types of Endosymbiosis

There are two main types of endosymbiosis: obligate and facultative. In obligate endosymbiosis, the symbiont cannot live independently of the host, while in facultative endosymbiosis, the symbiont can live both inside and outside the host.

Examples of Endosymbiosis

One of the most well-known examples of endosymbiosis is the relationship between mitochondria or chloroplasts and their host cells. According to the endosymbiotic theory, these organelles were once free-living bacteria that were engulfed by a host cell. Over time, they became an integral part of the cell, providing it with energy in return for protection and nutrients.

See Also

References

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