Eczema vaccinatum

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Eczema Vaccinatum

Eczema vaccinatum (pronounced: ek-zuh-muh vak-suh-nay-tuhm) is a rare and severe skin infection that can occur when a person with active eczema or a history of eczema comes into contact with the vaccinia virus. This virus is used in the smallpox vaccine.

Etymology

The term "eczema vaccinatum" is derived from the Latin words "eczema", which refers to a group of skin conditions characterized by inflammation and irritation, and "vaccinatum", which refers to something related to a vaccine or vaccination. The term was first used in the early 20th century to describe skin reactions observed in individuals with eczema following smallpox vaccination.

Symptoms

Symptoms of eczema vaccinatum may include severe skin rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. The rash typically begins at the site of the smallpox vaccination and can spread to other areas of the body. In severe cases, the infection can lead to serious complications such as sepsis and organ failure.

Treatment

Treatment for eczema vaccinatum typically involves antiviral medications and supportive care. In some cases, immunoglobulin therapy may be used. It is important for individuals with eczema to avoid contact with anyone who has recently received the smallpox vaccine to prevent the development of eczema vaccinatum.

Prevention

Prevention of eczema vaccinatum primarily involves avoiding the smallpox vaccine in individuals with a history of eczema or active eczema. In situations where smallpox vaccination is necessary, such as during a smallpox outbreak, individuals with eczema may need to take special precautions to avoid developing eczema vaccinatum.

Related Terms

  • Eczema: A group of conditions that cause inflammation and irritation of the skin.
  • Vaccinia: The virus used in the smallpox vaccine.
  • Smallpox: A highly contagious and deadly disease caused by the variola virus.
  • Sepsis: A life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
  • Immunoglobulin: A type of protein produced by the immune system that helps fight infections.

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