Doping in sport
Doping in Sport
Doping in sport (pronunciation: /ˈdoʊpɪŋ ɪn spɔːrt/) refers to the use of prohibited substances or methods to enhance athletic performance. The term is derived from the Dutch word 'dop', the name of an alcoholic beverage made of grape skins used by Zulu warriors in order to enhance their prowess in battle.
History
The history of doping in sport can be traced back to the ancient Greeks who used special diets and stimulants to enhance their athletic performance. In the modern era, the use of performance-enhancing substances became more widespread in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Types of Doping
There are several types of doping in sport, including the use of anabolic steroids, blood doping, gene doping, and the use of stimulants and hormones such as Erythropoietin (EPO) and Human Growth Hormone (HGH).
Anabolic Steroids
Anabolic steroids are synthetic substances similar to the male hormone testosterone. They are used to increase muscle mass and strength.
Blood Doping
Blood doping involves increasing the number of red blood cells in the body in order to enhance endurance.
Gene Doping
Gene doping is the non-therapeutic use of genes, genetic elements, and/or cells to improve athletic performance.
Stimulants and Hormones
Stimulants and hormones such as EPO and HGH are used to enhance physical performance and recovery from injury.
Detection and Punishment
The detection of doping in sport is carried out through drug testing, both in-competition and out-of-competition. Athletes found guilty of doping are usually subjected to penalties such as disqualification, suspension, and loss of medals and titles.
See Also
References
External Links
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Doping in sport
- Wikipedia's article - Doping in sport
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