DNA analysis
DNA Analysis
DNA analysis (pronounced: dee-en-ey uh-nal-uh-sis) is a scientific technique used to identify individuals by their respective DNA profiles. DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
Etymology
The term "DNA analysis" is derived from the English language. "DNA" is an acronym for Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that carries genetic information. "Analysis" comes from the Greek word "ἀνάλυσις" (analusis), meaning "a breaking up, a loosening, releasing".
Process
DNA analysis involves several steps: extraction, quantification, amplification, separation, detection, and interpretation. The process begins with the extraction of DNA from a sample, such as blood or hair. The DNA is then quantified to ensure there is enough for analysis. The DNA is then amplified, or copied, using a process called PCR. The amplified DNA is then separated and detected using a process called Gel electrophoresis. Finally, the DNA is interpreted to create a DNA profile.
Applications
DNA analysis has many applications in various fields. In forensics, it is used to identify individuals involved in a crime. In genetic research, it is used to study genes and inheritance. In medicine, it is used to diagnose and treat genetic diseases. In anthropology, it is used to study human evolution and migration.
Related Terms
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Genotype: The genetic constitution of an individual organism.
- Phenotype: The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
- Allele: One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on DNA analysis
- Wikipedia's article - DNA analysis
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