Disaccharide
Disaccharide
Disaccharide (pronounced: /ˌdaɪsəˈkɑːraɪd/) is a type of carbohydrate that is formed when two monosaccharides (simple sugars) are joined together. The term disaccharide is derived from the Greek words "di", meaning two, and "saccharide", meaning sugar.
Etymology
The term "disaccharide" comes from the Greek "di-", meaning "two", and "saccharide", a term for sugars. Thus, a disaccharide is a sugar molecule made up of two smaller sugar molecules.
Types of Disaccharides
There are several types of disaccharides, including:
- Sucrose: This is the most common disaccharide and is composed of glucose and fructose. It is commonly known as table sugar.
- Lactose: This disaccharide is composed of glucose and galactose. It is found in milk and dairy products.
- Maltose: This disaccharide is composed of two glucose molecules. It is produced when starch is broken down.
Formation of Disaccharides
Disaccharides are formed through a process known as dehydration synthesis, in which a water molecule is removed from the two monosaccharides. This process is also known as a condensation reaction.
Functions of Disaccharides
Disaccharides serve several important functions in the body. They are a source of energy, as they can be broken down into their constituent monosaccharides and used for energy. They also play a role in various biological processes, such as cell signaling and immune response.
Related Terms
- Monosaccharide: A simple sugar that is the basic unit of carbohydrates.
- Polysaccharide: A complex carbohydrate that is made up of more than two monosaccharides.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Disaccharide
- Wikipedia's article - Disaccharide
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