Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

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Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (pronunciation: dy-AL-uh-sis dis-ee-kwuh-LIB-ree-uhm sin-drohm) is a neurological disorder that can occur in patients undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The syndrome is characterized by a rapid change in the body's fluid and electrolyte balance during dialysis, leading to cerebral edema and neurological symptoms.

Etymology

The term "dialysis disequilibrium syndrome" is derived from the words "dialysis" (from the Greek dialusis, meaning dissolution), "disequilibrium" (from the Latin dis, meaning apart, and aequilibrium, meaning balance), and "syndrome" (from the Greek syndromē, meaning concurrence of symptoms).

Symptoms

Symptoms of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome can include headache, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, seizure, and in severe cases, coma or death. The symptoms typically occur during or immediately after dialysis treatment.

Causes

The exact cause of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a rapid decrease in blood urea levels during dialysis. This can cause a shift in water from the blood into the brain cells, leading to cerebral edema.

Treatment

Treatment for dialysis disequilibrium syndrome typically involves slowing the rate of dialysis, administering osmotic agents to reduce cerebral edema, and treating any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the syndrome.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for dialysis disequilibrium syndrome can include gradually increasing the duration and frequency of dialysis treatments, carefully monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, and using lower dialysate bicarbonate concentrations.

See also

External links

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